冒冒鸿蒙开发 2024-11-08

鸿蒙HarmonyOS实战-ArkTS语言之渲染控制详解

AI 概述

前言一、ArkTS 语言渲染控制1. if/else：条件渲染1.1 变化规则1.2 使用场景2.ForEach：循环渲染2.1 变化规则2.2 使用场景3.LazyForEach：数据懒加载3.1 变化规则3.2 使用场景3.2.3 问题点前言编程语言中都有自己基本的控制结构，它们在程序设计中起到了非常重要的作用。以下是几个原因：分支控制： ...

文章目录隐藏

前言
一、ArkTS 语言渲染控制

1. if/else：条件渲染

1.1 变化规则
1.2 使用场景

2.ForEach：循环渲染

2.1 变化规则
2.2 使用场景

3.LazyForEach：数据懒加载

3.1 变化规则
3.2 使用场景
3.2.3 问题点

前言

编程语言中都有自己基本的控制结构，它们在程序设计中起到了非常重要的作用。以下是几个原因：

分支控制： 在程序执行过程中，有时需要根据不同的条件分支来执行不同的代码逻辑。if/else 结构通过判断条件来决定程序如何执行，实现了程序的分支控制。

数据迭代： 在程序中，需要对一些数据进行遍历、操作或者计算。ForEach 和 LazyForEach 提供了一种便捷的方法，可以针对数据集合进行遍历，并对其中的每个元素执行特定操作。

**惰性计算： **在某些情况下，程序中需要对大量的数据进行遍历或计算。LazyForEach 可以实现惰性计算，只在需要时才计算相应的结果，避免了程序在运行时不必要的计算，从而提高程序效率。

一、ArkTS 语言渲染控制

ArkTS 是一种基于 TypeScript 的编程语言，支持对渲染过程进行控制和调整。以下是 ArkTS 语言中实现渲染控制的三个关键组件：

if/else：if/else 结构可以用于根据条件控制是否渲染某些元素。例如，可以通过 if/else 语句来实现某些物体在特定场景或条件下的显示或隐藏。
ForEach：ForEach 是一个迭代方法，能够遍历数组、对象等数据结构中的元素，并在渲染过程中对它们进行控制。例如，可以使用 ForEach 在场景中定位并控制多个物体的位置、尺寸、颜色等属性。
LazyForEach：与普通 ForEach 不同，LazyForEach 是一个惰性迭代方法，它只在需要迭代数据时才进行计算。这使得 LazyForEach 在处理大型数据集时更加高效，可以减少渲染时间和资源占用。

通过这些关键组件，ArkTS 语言可以实现灵活、高效的渲染控制，帮助开发人员实现各种复杂的渲染效果和场景呈现。

1. if/else：条件渲染

1.1 变化规则

If/else 是一种在程序中用于控制流程的结构。它包括一个 if 语句和一个可选的 else 语句。if 语句表示如果条件成立，那么就执行一段代码，否则跳过该代码；else 语句表示如果条件不成立，那么就执行另一段代码。这种结构允许程序根据不同的条件执行不同的操作，从而实现更灵活的程序控制。

1.2 使用场景

1.2.1 使用 if 进行条件渲染

@Entry
@Component
struct ViewA {
  @State count: number = 0;

  build() {
    Column() {
      Text(`count=${this.count}`)

      if (this.count > 0) {
        Text(`count is positive`)
          .fontColor(Color.Green)
      }

      Button('increase count')
        .onClick(() => {
          this.count++;
        })
      Button('decrease count')
        .onClick(() => {
          this.count--;
        })
    }
  }
}

1.2.2 使用 if/else 进行条件渲染

@Component
struct CounterView {
  @Link counter: number;
  label: string = 'unknown';

  build() {
    Row() {
      Text(`${this.label}`)
      Button(`counter ${this.counter} +1`)
        .onClick(() => {
          this.counter += 1;
        })
    }
  }
}
@Entry
@Component
struct MainView {
  @State toggle: boolean = true;
  @State counter: number = 0;
  build() {
    Column() {
      if (this.toggle) {
        CounterView({ counter: $counter, label: 'CounterView #positive' })
      } else {
        CounterView({ counter: $counter, label: 'CounterView #negative' })
      }
      Button(`toggle ${this.toggle}`)
        .onClick(() => {
          this.toggle = !this.toggle;
        })
    }
  }
}

1.2.3 嵌套 if 语句

@Entry
@Component
struct CompA {
  @State toggle: boolean = false;
  @State toggleColor: boolean = false;

  build() {
    Column() {
      Text('Before')
        .fontSize(15)
      if (this.toggle) {
        Text('Top True, positive 1 top')
          .backgroundColor('#aaffaa').fontSize(20)
        // 内部 if 语句
        if (this.toggleColor) {
          Text('Top True, Nested True, positive COLOR  Nested ')
            .backgroundColor('#00aaaa').fontSize(15)
        } else {
          Text('Top True, Nested False, Negative COLOR  Nested ')
            .backgroundColor('#aaaaff').fontSize(15)
        }
      } else {
        Text('Top false, negative top level').fontSize(20)
          .backgroundColor('#ffaaaa')
        if (this.toggleColor) {
          Text('positive COLOR  Nested ')
            .backgroundColor('#00aaaa').fontSize(15)
        } else {
          Text('Negative COLOR  Nested ')
            .backgroundColor('#aaaaff').fontSize(15)
        }
      }
      Text('After')
        .fontSize(15)
      Button('Toggle Outer')
        .onClick(() => {
          this.toggle = !this.toggle;
        })
      Button('Toggle Inner')
        .onClick(() => {
          this.toggleColor = !this.toggleColor;
        })
    }
  }
}

2.ForEach：循环渲染

2.1 变化规则

ForEach 是一个数组方法，用于执行一些操作，例如对数组中的每个元素执行一些代码，或者将每个元素转换为新的数组。它可以接收一个回调函数作为参数，该函数将在数组的每个元素上执行一次。在每次调用回调函数时，都会向其传递当前元素的值、索引和整个数组。该方法不会更改原始数组，而是返回一个新的、由回调函数返回的数组。

ForEach 接口描述：

ForEach(
  arr: Array,
  itemGenerator: (item: Array, index?: number) => void,
  keyGenerator?: (item: Array, index?: number): string => string
)

注意点 keyGenerator 为键值生成函数，可以达到去重的效果：

@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
  @State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'two', 'three'];

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {
          ChildItem({ item: item })
        }, (item: string) => item)
      }
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}
@Component
struct ChildItem {
  @Prop item: string;
  build() {
    Text(this.item)
      .fontSize(50)
  }
}

执行结果：

2.2 使用场景

2.2.1 数据源不变

@Entry
@Component
struct ArticleList {
  @State simpleList: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

  build() {
    Column() {
      ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {
        ArticleSkeletonView()
          .margin({ top: 20 })
      }, (item: string) => item)
    }
    .padding(20)
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}
@Builder
function textArea(width: number | Resource | string = '100%', height: number | Resource | string = '100%') {
  Row()
    .width(width)
    .height(height)
    .backgroundColor('#FFF2F3F4')
}
@Component
struct ArticleSkeletonView {
  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        textArea(80, 80)
      }
      .margin({ right: 20 })
      Column() {
        textArea('60%', 20)
        textArea('50%', 20)
      }
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)
      .height('100%')
    }
    .padding(20)
    .borderRadius(12)
    .backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')
    .height(120)
    .width('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
  }
}

执行效果：

2.2.2 数据源数组项发生变化

@Entry
@Component
struct ArticleListView {
  @State isListReachEnd: boolean = false;
  @State articleList: Array<Article> = [
    new Article('001', '第 1 篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('002', '第 2 篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('003', '第 3 篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('004', '第 4 篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('005', '第 5 篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('006', '第 6 篇文章', '文章简介内容')
  ]

  loadMoreArticles() {
    this.articleList.push(new Article('007', '加载的新文章', '文章简介内容'));
  }

  build() {
    Column({ space: 5 }) {
      List() {
        ForEach(this.articleList, (item: Article) => {
          ListItem() {
            ArticleCard({ article: item })
              .margin({ top: 20 })
          }
        }, (item: Article) => item.id)
      }
      .onReachEnd(() => {
        this.isListReachEnd = true;
      })
      .parallelGesture(
        PanGesture({ direction: PanDirection.Up, distance: 80 })
          .onActionStart(() => {
            if (this.isListReachEnd) {
              this.loadMoreArticles();
              this.isListReachEnd = false;
            }
          })
      )
      .padding(20)
      .scrollBar(BarState.Off)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}
@Component
struct ArticleCard {
  @Prop article: Article;
  build() {
    Row() {
      Image($r('app.media.icon'))
        .width(80)
        .height(80)
        .margin({ right: 20 })
      Column() {
        Text(this.article.title)
          .fontSize(20)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
        Text(this.article.brief)
          .fontSize(16)
          .fontColor(Color.Gray)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
      }
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .width('80%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .padding(20)
    .borderRadius(12)
    .backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')
    .height(120)
    .width('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
  }
}

当列表滚动到底部时，如果手势滑动距离超过指定的 80，将触发 loadMoreArticle()函数。此函数会在 articleList 数据源的尾部添加一个新的数据项，从而增加数据源的长度。

执行效果：

2.2.3 数据源数组项子属性变化

@Entry
@Component
struct ArticleListView {
  @State articleList: Array<Article> = [
    new Article('001', '第 0 篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('002', '第 1 篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('003', '第 2 篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('004', '第 4 篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('005', '第 5 篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('006', '第 6 篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
  ];

  build() {
    List() {
      ForEach(this.articleList, (item: Article) => {
        ListItem() {
          ArticleCard({
            article: item
          })
            .margin({ top: 20 })
        }
      }, (item: Article) => item.id)
    }
    .padding(20)
    .scrollBar(BarState.Off)
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}
@Component
struct ArticleCard {
  @ObjectLink article: Article;
  handleLiked() {
    this.article.isLiked = !this.article.isLiked;
    this.article.likesCount = this.article.isLiked ? this.article.likesCount + 1 : this.article.likesCount - 1;
  }
  build() {
    Row() {
      Image($r('app.media.icon'))
        .width(80)
        .height(80)
        .margin({ right: 20 })
      Column() {
        Text(this.article.title)
          .fontSize(20)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
        Text(this.article.brief)
          .fontSize(16)
          .fontColor(Color.Gray)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
        Row() {
          Image(this.article.isLiked ? $r('app.media.iconLiked') : $r('app.media.iconUnLiked'))
            .width(24)
            .height(24)
            .margin({ right: 8 })
          Text(this.article.likesCount.toString())
            .fontSize(16)
        }
        .onClick(() => this.handleLiked())
        .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      }
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .width('80%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .padding(20)
    .borderRadius(12)
    .backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')
    .height(120)
    .width('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
  }
}

执行结果：

注意：开发者在使用 ForEach 时应特别重视 keyGenerator 为键值生成函数，会根据键值生成函数确定替换的值。

3.LazyForEach：数据懒加载

3.1 变化规则

LazyForEach 是一种延迟执行的迭代方法，它可以帮助我们更高效地遍历和操作数组。与常规的 ForEach 方法不同，LazyForEach 方法不会立即执行回调函数，而是在需要访问数组元素时才将回调函数应用于该元素。这种延迟执行的方式可以大大减少不必要的计算，提高代码性能。LazyForEach 在处理大型数组或频繁进行迭代时特别有用。

LazyForEach 接口描述：

LazyForEach(
    dataSource: IDataSource,             // 需要进行数据迭代的数据源
    itemGenerator: (item: any, index?: number) => void,  // 子组件生成函数
    keyGenerator?: (item: any, index?: number) => string // 键值生成函数
): void

IDataSource 接口描述：

interface IDataSource {
    totalCount(): number; // 获得数据总数
    getData(index: number): Object; // 获取索引值对应的数据
    registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void; // 注册数据改变的监听器
    unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void; // 注销数据改变的监听器
}

DataChangeListener 接口描述：

interface DataChangeListener {
    onDataReloaded(): void; // 重新加载数据时调用
    onDataAdded(index: number): void; // 添加数据时调用
    onDataMoved(from: number, to: number): void; // 数据移动起始位置与数据移动目标位置交换时调用
    onDataDeleted(index: number): void; // 删除数据时调用
    onDataChanged(index: number): void; // 改变数据时调用
    onDataAdd(index: number): void; // 添加数据时调用
    onDataMove(from: number, to: number): void; // 数据移动起始位置与数据移动目标位置交换时调用
    onDataDelete(index: number): void; // 删除数据时调用
    onDataChange(index: number): void; // 改变数据时调用
}

3.2 使用场景

3.2.1 首次渲染

生成不同键值

1、正常渲染

// Basic implementation of IDataSource to handle data listener
class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  // 该方法为框架侧调用，为 LazyForEach 组件向其数据源处添加 listener 监听
  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  // 该方法为框架侧调用，为对应的 LazyForEach 组件在数据源处去除 listener 监听
  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  // 通知 LazyForEach 组件需要重载所有子组件
  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  // 通知 LazyForEach 组件需要在 index 对应索引处添加子组件
  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  // 通知 LazyForEach 组件在 index 对应索引处数据有变化，需要重建该子组件
  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  // 通知 LazyForEach 组件需要在 index 对应索引处删除该子组件
  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
   
  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            Text(item).fontSize(50)
              .onAppear(() => {
                console.info("appear:" + item)
              })
          }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
        }
      }, (item: string) => item)
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}

2、键值相同时错误渲染

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
 private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
 private originDataArray: string[] = [];

 public totalCount(): number {
   return 0;
 }

 public getData(index: number): string {
   return this.originDataArray[index];
 }

 registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
   if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
     console.info('add listener');
     this.listeners.push(listener);
   }
 }

 unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
   const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
   if (pos >= 0) {
     console.info('remove listener');
     this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
   }
 }

 notifyDataReload(): void {
   this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
     listener.onDataReloaded();
   })
 }

 notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
   this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
     listener.onDataAdd(index);
   })
 }

 notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
   this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
     listener.onDataChange(index);
   })
 }

 notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
   this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
     listener.onDataDelete(index);
   })
 }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
 private dataArray: string[] = [];

 public totalCount(): number {
   return this.dataArray.length;
 }

 public getData(index: number): string {
   return this.dataArray[index];
 }

 public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
   this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
   this.notifyDataAdd(index);
 }

 public pushData(data: string): void {
   this.dataArray.push(data);
   this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
 }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
 private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

 aboutToAppear() {
   for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
     this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
   }
 }

 build() {
   List({ space: 3 }) {
     LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
       ListItem() {
         Row() {
           Text(item).fontSize(50)
             .onAppear(() => {
               console.info("appear:" + item)
             })
         }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
       }
     }, (item: string) => 'same key')
   }.cachedCount(5)
 }
}

3.2.2 非首次渲染

添加数据：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            Text(item).fontSize(50)
              .onAppear(() => {
                console.info("appear:" + item)
              })
          }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          // 点击追加子组件
          this.data.pushData(`Hello ${this.data.totalCount()}`);
        })
      }, (item: string) => item)
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}

改变单个数据：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
  
  public deleteData(index: number): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
    this.notifyDataDelete(index);
  }
  
  public changeData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataChange(index);
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private moved: number[] = [];
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
    }
  }
  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            Text(item).fontSize(50)
              .onAppear(() => {
                console.info("appear:" + item)
              })
          }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          this.data.changeData(index, item + '00');
        })
      }, (item: string) => item)
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}

改变多个数据：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
  
  public deleteData(index: number): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
    this.notifyDataDelete(index);
  }
  
  public changeData(index: number): void {
    this.notifyDataChange(index);
  }
    
  public reloadData(): void {
    this.notifyDataReload();
  }
    
  public modifyAllData(): void {
    this.dataArray = this.dataArray.map((item: string) => {
        return item + '0';
    })
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private moved: number[] = [];
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            Text(item).fontSize(50)
              .onAppear(() => {
                console.info("appear:" + item)
              })
          }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          this.data.modifyAllData();
          this.data.reloadData();
        })
      }, (item: string) => item)
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}

改变数据子属性：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): StringData {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: StringData[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): StringData {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: StringData): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
}

@Observed
class StringData {
  message: string;
  constructor(message: string) {
    this.message = message;
  }  
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private moved: number[] = [];
  @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(new StringData(`Hello ${i}`));
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          ChildComponent({data: item})
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          item.message += '0';
        })
      }, (item: StringData, index: number) => index.toString())
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}
@Component
struct ChildComponent {
  @ObjectLink data: StringData
  build() {
    Row() {
      Text(this.data.message).fontSize(50)
        .onAppear(() => {
          console.info("appear:" + this.data.message)
        })
    }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
  }
}

3.2.3 问题点

索引重置：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: string[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): string {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
  
  public deleteData(index: number): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 1);
    this.notifyDataDelete(index);
  }
    
  public reloadData(): void {
    this.notifyDataReload();
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(`Hello ${i}`)
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            Text(item).fontSize(50)
              .onAppear(() => {
                console.info("appear:" + item)
              })
          }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          // 点击删除子组件
          this.data.deleteData(index);
          // 重置所有子组件的 index 索引
          this.data.reloadData();
        })
      }, (item: string, index: number) => item + index.toString())
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}

图片闪烁：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): StringData {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: StringData[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): StringData {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: StringData): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
}

@Observed
class StringData {
  message: string;
  imgSrc: Resource;
  constructor(message: string, imgSrc: Resource) {
    this.message = message;
      this.imgSrc = imgSrc;
  }  
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(new StringData(`Hello ${i}`, $r('app.media.img')));
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          ChildComponent({data: item})
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          item.message += '0';
        })
      }, (item: StringData, index: number) => index.toString())
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}
@Component
struct ChildComponent {
  @ObjectLink data: StringData
  build() {
    Column() {
      Text(this.data.message).fontSize(50)
        .onAppear(() => {
          console.info("appear:" + this.data.message)
        })
      Image(this.data.imgSrc)
        .width(500)
        .height(200)
    }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
  }
}

ObjectLink 属性变化后 UI 更新：

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = [];
  private originDataArray: StringData[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0;
  }

  public getData(index: number): StringData {
    return this.originDataArray[index];
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener');
      this.listeners.push(listener);
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener');
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1);
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded();
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index);
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index);
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: StringData[] = [];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length;
  }

  public getData(index: number): StringData {
    return this.dataArray[index];
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: StringData): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(index);
  }

  public pushData(data: StringData): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data);
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1);
  }
}

@Observed
class StringData {
  message: NestedString;
  constructor(message: NestedString) {
    this.message = message;
  }  
}

@Observed
class NestedString {
  message: string;
  constructor(message: string) {
    this.message = message;
  }  
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private moved: number[] = [];
  @State data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  aboutToAppear() {
    for (let i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {
      this.data.pushData(new StringData(new NestedString(`Hello ${i}`)));
    }
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 3 }) {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: StringData, index: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          ChildComponent({data: item})
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          item.message = new NestedString(item.message.message + '0');
        })
      }, (item: StringData, index: number) => item.toString() + index.toString())
    }.cachedCount(5)
  }
}
@Component
struct ChildComponent {
  @ObjectLink data: StringData
  build() {
    Row() {
      Text(this.data.message.message).fontSize(50)
        .onAppear(() => {
          console.info("appear:" + this.data.message.message)
        })
    }.margin({ left: 10, right: 10 })
  }
}

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码云笔记 » 鸿蒙HarmonyOS实战-ArkTS语言之渲染控制详解